SpringBoot自动装配探索

SpringBoot自动装配探索

首先看SpringBoot的启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Customize the spring config location
        System.setProperty("spring.config.additional-location",
            "optional:file:${user.home}/.halo/,optional:file:${user.home}/halo-dev/");

        // Run application
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }

}

核心注解:@SpringBootApplication,一节更比6节强

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
  .....
}

自动装配·主角:@EnableAutoConfiguration

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import注解的(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
  .....
}

关键功能由@Import注解的AutoConfigurationImportSelector选择器给Spring容器中来导入一些组件

AutoConfigurationImportSelector的selectImports()方法通过SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames()扫描所有具有META-INF/spring.factories的jar包。spring-boot-autoconfigure-x.x.x.x.jar里就有一个这样的spring.factories文件。

详细代码

public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
        if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
            return NO_IMPORTS;
        } else {
            AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader.loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader);
            AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = this.getAutoConfigurationEntry(autoConfigurationMetadata, annotationMetadata);//
            return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
        }
    }


protected AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata, AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
        if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
            return EMPTY_ENTRY;
        } else {
            AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
            List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);//
            configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations);
            Set<String> exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
            this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
            configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
            configurations = this.filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
            this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
            return new AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
        }
    }


protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
        List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader());//
        Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
        return configurations;
    }

SpringFactoriesLoader

public final class SpringFactoriesLoader {
    public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";
    private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(SpringFactoriesLoader.class);
    private static final Map<ClassLoader, MultiValueMap<String, String>> cache = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap();

    private SpringFactoriesLoader() {
    }

    public static <T> List<T> loadFactories(Class<T> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
        Assert.notNull(factoryType, "'factoryType' must not be null");
        ClassLoader classLoaderToUse = classLoader;
        if (classLoader == null) {
            classLoaderToUse = SpringFactoriesLoader.class.getClassLoader();
        }

        List<String> factoryImplementationNames = loadFactoryNames(factoryType, classLoaderToUse);
        if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            logger.trace("Loaded [" + factoryType.getName() + "] names: " + factoryImplementationNames);
        }

        List<T> result = new ArrayList(factoryImplementationNames.size());
        Iterator var5 = factoryImplementationNames.iterator();

        while(var5.hasNext()) {
            String factoryImplementationName = (String)var5.next();
            result.add(instantiateFactory(factoryImplementationName, factoryType, classLoaderToUse));
        }

        AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(result);
        return result;
    }

    public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
        String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName();
        return (List)loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList());
    }

    private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
        MultiValueMap<String, String> result = (MultiValueMap)cache.get(classLoader);
        if (result != null) {
            return result;
        } else {
            try {
                Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources("META-INF/spring.factories") : ClassLoader.getSystemResources("META-INF/spring.factories");
                LinkedMultiValueMap result = new LinkedMultiValueMap();

                while(urls.hasMoreElements()) {
                    URL url = (URL)urls.nextElement();
                    UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
                    Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
                    Iterator var6 = properties.entrySet().iterator();

                    while(var6.hasNext()) {
                        Entry<?, ?> entry = (Entry)var6.next();
                        String factoryTypeName = ((String)entry.getKey()).trim();
                        String[] var9 = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String)entry.getValue());
                        int var10 = var9.length;

                        for(int var11 = 0; var11 < var10; ++var11) {
                            String factoryImplementationName = var9[var11];
                            result.add(factoryTypeName, factoryImplementationName.trim());
                        }
                    }
                }

                cache.put(classLoader, result);
                return result;
            } catch (IOException var13) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [META-INF/spring.factories]", var13);
            }
        }
    }

    private static <T> T instantiateFactory(String factoryImplementationName, Class<T> factoryType, ClassLoader classLoader) {
        try {
            Class<?> factoryImplementationClass = ClassUtils.forName(factoryImplementationName, classLoader);
            if (!factoryType.isAssignableFrom(factoryImplementationClass)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Class [" + factoryImplementationName + "] is not assignable to factory type [" + factoryType.getName() + "]");
            } else {
                return ReflectionUtils.accessibleConstructor(factoryImplementationClass, new Class[0]).newInstance();
            }
        } catch (Throwable var4) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to instantiate factory class [" + factoryImplementationName + "] for factory type [" + factoryType.getName() + "]", var4);
        }
    }
}

每一个xxxAutoConfiguration类都是容器中的一个组件，并都加入到容器中。加入到容器中之后的作用就是用它们来做自动配置，这就是Springboot自动配置之源，也就是自动配置的开始，只有这些自动配置类进入到容器中以后，接下来这个自动配置类才开始进行启动。

这个@EnableAutoConfiguration注解通过@SpringBootApplication被间接的标记在了Spring Boot的启动类上。在SpringApplication.run(…)的内部就会执行selectImports()方法，找到所有JavaConfig自动配置类的全限定名对应的class，然后将所有自动配置类加载到Spring容器中。

总结：

Spring Boot启动的时候会通过@EnableAutoConfiguration注解找到META-INF/spring.factories配置文件中的所有自动配置类，并对其进行加载，而这些自动配置类都是以AutoConfiguration结尾来命名的，它实际上就是一个JavaConfig形式的Spring容器配置类，它能通过以Properties结尾命名的类中取得在全局配置文件中配置的属性如：server.port，而XxxxProperties类是通过@ConfigurationProperties注解与全局配置文件中对应的属性进行绑定的。